The phalangists, who were not deployed rigidly, were crushed, and many were killed outright or chased away by the legionaries. Finally becoming consul in 198 BC, Flaminius was underage for the position. The Antigonid and Roman cavalry clashed on the wing as the light infantry skirmished, but the main clash was in the center. 15 Livy's statement is vague. The Romans only lost 700 dead (mostly on their brave left), while the Antigonids lost 8,000 dead and 5,000 captured. If matters had concluded right there, the result would have been indecisive with the loss of a wing on each side. For 300 years cavalry used in concert with the spear phalanx had dominated Western battlefields. The sunrise led to the fog dissipating, but Flaminius' men were demoralized at the sight of their men retreating. It features in Rome: Total War as a historical battle. In an unexpected encounter, the more flexible Roman force drew out the Macedonian phalanx and used the terrain to break it up before closing to attack from the front and from both flanks. The Battle of Cynoscephalae, 197 BC, settled once and for all the age-old dispute of phalanx versus legionary warfare. It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Definition of battle of cynoscephalae in the Definitions.net dictionary. During the march there was a heavy rainstorm, and the morning after there was a fog over the hills and fields separating both camps. He therefore postulated up to a month's delay (111); it was accepted by Walbank in his Philip 322, but less firmly in his Commentary, p. 579. In an unexpected encounter, the more flexible Roman force drew out the Macedonian phalanx and used the terrain to break it … Coordinates: 39°21′36″N 22°49′48″E  /  39.36°N 22.83°E  / Cynoscephalae was the first battle in the campaign of Roman imperialism against Macedonia and the eastern Mediterranean. Livy mentions that other sources claim 32,000 Macedonians were killed and even one writer who due to "boundless exaggeration" claims 40,000 but concludes that Polybius is the trustworthy source on this matter. Historica Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. The end of 198 BC saw the Roman army of Titus Flaminius withdraw for the winter as King Philip V of Macedon raised a new army which included both youths and old men. After that he slowly ascended the cursus honorum. The Battle of Cynoscephalae was fought in 197 BC between the armies of the Roman Republic and Macedon during the Second Macedonian War. Philip's right wing was now on higher ground than the Roman left, and was at first successful against them. Flamininus had about 25,500 men, thus subdivided: 16,000 legionary infantry, 8,400 light infantry, 1,800 cavalry and 20 war elephants; further it included soldiers from the allied Aetolian League, light infantry from Athamania, and mercenary archers from Crete. After breaking through and gaining ground, one of the Roman tribunes in command, stationed on the inside edge of the now advanced Roman right wing, on his own authority, detached twenty maniples (a smaller tactical unit within the legion) of heavy infantry, in total numbering about 2,000 men, spun them around and led them to the left and back to attack the Macedonian center and left wing – from behind and the side. [2] Flamininus also took 5,000 prisoners. There was a chance encounter between the advance groups of both armies at the summit near the pass. A Roman tribune halted 20 maniples (2,500 veteran triarii troops) on the right wing and marched his contingent across the ridge to strike the victorious phalanx of Philip from the rear as it attacked the left; the veteran legionaries then renewed their assault. Battle of Cynoscephalae.webm 20 s, 1,156 × 810; 2.52 MB Bitwa pod Kynoskefalaj (197 pne)-1 faza.png 275 × 281; 21 KB Bitwa pod Kynoskefalaj (197 pne)-2 faza.png 296 × 281; 20 KB The battle of Cynoscephalea of 197 B.C. The right half of the Macedonian phalanx was formed in double depth and they advanced downhill against the Roman left wing. After a brief pursuit, Flamininus allowed Philip to escape. Pelopidas †. The phalangists charged downhill at the unprepared Romans, and the remnants of Flaminius' scouting force were unprepared and were forced back. The Battle of Cynoscephalae (Greek: Μάχη τῶν Κυνὸς Κεφαλῶν) was an encounter battle fought in Thessaly in 197 BC between the Roman army, led by Titus Quinctius Flamininus, and the Antigonid dynasty of Macedon, led by Philip V. (en) 25بك المحتوى هنا ينقصه الاستشهاد بمصادر. Cynoscephalae, (Greek: “Dogs’ Heads”), ancient range of hills in Thessaly, Greece, 7 miles (11 km) west of modern Vólos.It was the site of the victory (197 bc) that ended the Second Macedonian War when the Romans under Titus Quinctius Flamininus defeated Philip V of Macedon. The Roman victory was achieved through the initiative of a tribune, whose name is unknown. At the Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC), the Theban forces of Pelopidas fought against the Thessalian troops of Alexander of Pherae in a drawn battle in which Pelopidas was killed. What does battle of cynoscephalae mean? Hammond, "The Campaign and Battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BC" in, This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 23:39. THE CAMPAIGN AND THE BATTLE OF CYNOSCEPHALAE IN I97 BC 63 Aetolians' (xxxiii 3.8-9). Cynoscephalae (Greek Kynos kephalai, literally “dogs’ heads”), a range of hills in Thessaly (Greece), northwest of Thebes. The combat engaged about 26,000 men on each side. Events by cover : Works (3) Titles: Order: Roman Conquests: Macedonia and Greece by Philip Matyszak: SPQR by Richard H. Berg: Taken at the Flood: The Roman Conquest of Greece by Robin Waterfield: Related events. Information and translations of battle of cynoscephalae in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The Battle of Cynoscephalae (Greek: Μάχη των Κυνός Κεφαλών) was an encounter battle fought in Thessaly in 197 BC between the Roman army, led by Titus Quinctius Flamininus, and the Antigonid dynasty of Macedon, led by Philip V. Now surrounded by both wings of the Roman legion, they suffered heavy casualties and fled. Philip also had to pay 1,000 talents of silver to Rome, disband his navy, most of his army, and send his son to Rome as a hostage. Generals. The Roman left was chewed up by the bristling pike wall, and Nicanor's army began to crest the ridge on the King's left flank in a rushed marching formation. As the Roman left was slowly being driven back, Flamininus took command of his right and ordered an assault there. The Romans had two Roman and two allied legions (20,000 legionary infantry, 2,000 velites, 2,500 equites, and 200 war elephants), plus a substantial contingent of 1,200 Epirote light infantry, 800 Cretan archers, and 6,000 infantry and 400 cavalry from the Aetolian League. The Roman victory … The Thessalian cavalry was led by Heracleides of Gyrton, the Macedonian cavalry by Leon. A group of Macedonian phalangists raised their pikes to the sky to surrender, but the furious legionaries charged in and massacred all of them. Illyrian Wars. The Battle of Cynoscephalae (Greek: Μάχη τῶν Κυνὸς Κεφαλῶν) was an encounter battle fought in Thessaly in 197 BC between the Roman army, led by Titus Quinctius Flamininus, and the Antigonid dynasty of Macedon, led by Philip V. In 201 BC, Rome won the Second Punic War against Carthage. He had the elephants followed by his right wing go uphill against the enemy's left wing. Third Macedonian War. On the ridge of Cynoscephalae hills met for first light infantry units of the two armies, while the bulk of the troops was still in march and was converging towards the battlefield. Flamininus positioned his troops on the field as well. Flamininus, still unaware of Philip's location, sent out some cavalry and light infantry to reconnoiter, which engaged Philip's troops on the hills. was the decisive battle of the First Macedonian War, and was the first of a series of victories won by Roman legions over the Greek phalanx that ended three centuries of Greek dominance on the battlefield. After Roman scouts spotted the Macedonians, Titus Flaminius and his army marched north from Boeotia, hoping to intercept Philip before he could withdraw. Besides the usual Roman troops and auxiliary units that would appear in any Roman army Flamininus's forces also included soldiers from the allied Aetolian League, light infantry from Athamania, mercenary archers from Crete, and elephants and Numi… Philip had about 26,000 men of which 16,000 were phalangites, 2,000 light infantry, 5,500 mercenaries and allies from Crete, Illyria, Thrace, plus 2,000 cavalry. battle of Cynoscephalae synonyms, battle of Cynoscephalae pronunciation, battle of Cynoscephalae translation, English dictionary definition of battle of Cynoscephalae. The battle of Cynoscephalae. The Macedonian left wing had arrived on the summit. The Roman legions on the left did not break, and fought fiercely. Philip, though reluctant to send his phalanx into the broken, hilly terrain eventually ordered an assault with half the phalanx, 8,000 men, when he heard of the Roman retreat. https://historica.fandom.com/wiki/Battle_of_Cynoscephalae?oldid=259200. Flaminius advanced with the left side of his line to reinforce the battle between the scouting parties, forcing the Macedonians to retreat up the slope; many were killed, while others fled back towards their King. The Roman victory in the Battle of Cynoscephalae ( 197 BC ) marked the end of the Second Macedonian War between Rome and Philip V, king of Macedon.The battle is considered one of the best examples of manipular Roman legion superiority over the Macedonian phalanx in … Cynoscephalae, fought in Thessaly in spring 197 bce, marked the decisive and final battle of the Second Macedonian War. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. noun 1. the fields in Thessaly where in 197 BC the Romans defeated the Macedonians • Instance Hypernyms: ↑region, ↑part • Part Holonyms: ↑Thessalia, ↑Thessaly 2. the battle that ended the second Macedonian War (197 BC); the Romans defeated Philip Cynoscephalae (197 BCE) Battle of Cynoscephalae: decisive battle during the Second Macedonian War (200-197 BCE), in which the Roman general Titus Quinctius Flamininus overcame the Macedonian king Philip V. In 204, the Ptolemaic king Ptolemy IV Philopator died, leaving behind a very young successor, Ptolemy V Epiphanes. According to Polybius and Livy, 8,000 Macedonians had been killed. Born in 228 BC, he had been a military tribune in the Second Punic War. Battle of Cynoscephalae Part of the Second Macedonian War By the spring of 197 BC, Philip's army stopped to forage for supplies near Pharae in the south. They approached from opposite sides. It was also the first clash of two rival military systems: the Greek spear phalanx and the Roman sword legion. Alexander of Pherae. Thessaly. Flaminius sent 2,000 Aetolian infantry and 500 cavalry to the ridge as reinforcements, and the Antigonid skirmishing force slowly withdrew to the top of the ridge and requested aid from Philip. Battle of the Second Macedonian War, where the Romans and the Aetolian League defeat Macedon, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cynoscephalae&oldid=995051403, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The Macedonians raised their sarissas as a symbol of surrender. N.G.L. Two hills of southeast Thessaly in northeast Greece. You take the role of the Roman army as it moves to defeat the Macedonian army of King Philip V of Macedon. Either the Romans did not understand this signal, or they just ignored it. Flaminius ordered his entire army to form up in battle order and addressed his troops at the base of the slope, professing to them that they had fought and beaten the Macedonians before. Flamininus concentrated his attack on Nicanor and the Macedonian left. Roman consul Titus Quinctius Flamininus entered Macedon with his two Senate-provided legions to confront and dethrone King Philip V in the Second Macedonian War. Despite this, Philip resumed his march, and his troops became confused and disoriented due to heavy fog. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. The mercenaries (except the Thracians) were commanded by Athenagoras and the second infantry corps by Nicanor the Elephant. The two armies both marched up the slope without knowing the other army's intentions, and both armies came into view of one another at the top of the hill. First Macedonian War. On the arrival of the Aetolians, 'at speed he broke camp', moved into Phthiotic territory where he was joined by a force of Cretans and 'not so much later' by Amynander and his Athamanian troops, and headed for Phthiotic Thebes. Flamininus saw his only hope was attacking the Macedonian left. Now that the battle was balanced, Flamininus sent his elephants charging into the phalangites, and they panicked. The Antigonid skirmishers then urged the King to attack while momentum was on their side, and the Macedonian army deployed in battle order. However Philip's left wing and center, commanded by Nicanor, never managed to form up properly. At Cynoscephalae the Macedonian's and their Greek allies suffered 10,000 dead and 5,000 taken prisoner compared to 5,000 Roman casualties. For the earlier battle fought here, see Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC). This was the first time Roman legions were victorious over a Macedonian phalanx. External links Battle of Cynoscephalae - Deployment. Philip sent 3,500 cavalry and mercenary infantry to reinforce his skirmishers, and they pushed the Romans back down the slope and almost routed them completely, had it not been for the strategic skirmishing and harassment by the Aetolian allies. The phalanx, though very powerful head on, was not as flexible as the Roman manipular formation and thus unable to adapt to changing conditions on the battlefield or break away from an engagement if necessary. The Roman right attacked the Macedonians and were more successful than the Roman left. Battle of Pydna. 14 Kromayer 114 dated the battle to the end of May or beginning of June. The battle was decisive, leading to Rome's crushing victory over Philip V of Macedon. Battle of Cynoscephalae, (197 bce ), conclusive engagement of the Second Macedonian War, in which Roman general Titus Quinctius Flamininus checked the territorial ambitions of Philip V of Macedonia and bolstered Roman influence in the Greek world. Although the peace that followed allowed Philip to keep his kingdom intact, Flamininus proclaimed that other Greek states previously under Macedonian domination were now free. The roman victory in the battle of Cynoscephalae ( 197 BC ) marked the end of the second macedonian war between Rome and Philip V, king of Macedon. Each commander knew that their counterpart was close, but the fog caused disorientation among the two armies. Philip's influence within Greece was now forever broken and he was essentially confined thereafter within Macedonia itself. Flaminius was also being pushed back towards the Roman camp, so he rode over to the Roman right and ordered them to charge at the disorganized Macedonians under Nicanor, most of whom were still arriving or not yet formed up. The Greek city-states, led by Athens, appealed to Rome for help. Hammond, "The Campaign and Battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BC" in Journal of Hellenic Studies 108 (1988) Polybius, Histories, Bk XVIII.19-27. Philip marched the head of his phalanx up the slope, screened by his peltasts and flanked on the right by cavarly. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. The Battle of Cynoscephalae (Greek: Μάχη τῶν Κυνὸς Κεφαλῶν) was an encounter battle fought in Thessaly in 197 BC between the Roman army, led by Titus Quinctius Flamininus, and the Antigonid dynasty of Macedon, led by Philip V. N.G.L. He left his right wing in reserve, with his elephants in front, and personally led the left wing against Philip. It is generally perceived that with the later Battle of Pydna, this defeat demonstrated the superiority of the Roman legion over the Macedonian phalanx. Events: Battle of Cynoscephalae. The Macedonian phalangites were unable to re-position themselves and form up to face this new attack as quickly as the Roman maniples could maneuver to exploit the opportunity. Cynoscephalae synonyms, Cynoscephalae pronunciation, Cynoscephalae translation, English dictionary definition of Cynoscephalae. Meanwhile, Philip's phalanx had reached the summit, and after joining with their light troops and cavalry which he placed on his right wing, Philip had his phalanx charge down the hill into the oncoming legionaries. Half of Philip's troops were still foraging, so he sent his general Nicanor the Elephant to follow up when the others had returned. The phalanx drove the Romans down the slope. Philip had 16,000 sarissa-wielding phalangists, 2,000 agema peltasts, 4,000 Illyrian and Thracian mercenaries, 1,500 Greek hoplite mercenaries, and 2,000 Thessalian and Macedonian cavalry. This intuitive maneuver caused the inflexible phalanx to fragment, and many of its phalangists were killed. The Battle of Cynoscephalae was fought in 197 BC between the armies of the Roman Republic and Macedon during the Second Macedonian War. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). Commanders and leaders. The next year, the Theban general Epaminondas avenged the defeat by a victory over Alexander.. Theban Hegemony, Cynoschephale. Philip's skirmishers were sent to the ridge's summit to get a better view, but they met ten Roman cavalry squadrons and 1,000 velites, and both forces skirmished before informing their commanders of the other army's positions. Philip now sent more men into the melee, his Macedonian and Thessalian cavalry, who drove the Romans down the hill, until the Aetolian cavalry stabilized the situation. This assertion has been challenged by some who point out that the Romans were only able to attain victory by taking advantage of the fact that the Macedonian left wing was not fully formed, although this is also given as evidence of the phalanx's unwieldy nature when compared to the legion. In 197 BC the Roman army of Titus Quinctius Flamininus, with his allies from the Aetolian League, marched out towards Pherae in search of Philip, who was at Larissa. Battle of Cynoscephalae, 197 B.C. He abandoned his part and attacked the rear of the Macedonian right wing, taking twenty maniples. The battle of Cynoscephalae was a turning point in military history. The Romans lost about 700 killed. The Battle of Cynoscephalae by pallin. Philip V of Macedon had attacked Rome's client states in the Mediterranean for 20 years. The two armies met at the sloping ridge of Cynoscephalae in Thessaly. At the Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC), the Theban forces of Pelopidas fought against the Thessalian troops of Alexander of Pherae in a battle in which Pelopidas was killed; nevertheless, the Thebans won. Previous warning of Battle of Cynoscephalae Area Today A map of the area around the battle positions Battle of Cynoscephalae summary. Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC): | | |For the later, and better-known battle fought here, see |Battle of Cynoscephal... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. The Battle of Cynoscephalae is a battle that took place in 197 BC. For the earlier battle fought here, see Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC). The battle of Cynoscephalae perfectly represent what in military terms is called "encounter battle". They were easily routed and pursued. The general on the Roman side was Titus Quinctius Flaminius. Meaning of battle of cynoscephalae. Define battle of Cynoscephalae. There was complete panic in the Macedonian ranks. When Flamininus began his march to Larisa he had under his command about 32,500 to 33,400 soldiers. Philip then sent a small force to take the Cynoscephalae Hills (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}39°25′N 22°34′E / 39.417°N 22.567°E / 39.417; 22.567Coordinates: 39°25′N 22°34′E / 39.417°N 22.567°E / 39.417; 22.567). T. Quinctius Flamininus, with his allies from the Aetolian League, were stationed at Thebes, and marched out towards Pherae in search of Philip, who was at Larisa. Cynoscephalae - Romans vs. Macedonians. Philip was unable to gather his men, and he fled the battlefield as the Romans butchered the remaining Macedonians. In any case, the result of the battle of Cynoscephalae was a fatal blow to the political aspirations of the Macedonian kingdom; Macedonia would never again be in a position to challenge Rome's geopolitical expansion. Was close, but Flaminius ' scouting force were unprepared and were more successful than the left. Phalanx and the remnants of Flaminius ' scouting force were unprepared and were forced.. When Flamininus began his march to Larisa he had been a military tribune the. Sword legion and flanked on the field as well the general on web. Allowed Philip to escape Cynoscephalae in I97 BC 63 Aetolians ' ( 3.8-9! Battle to the fog caused disorientation among the two armies met at the summit near the pass right,..., screened by his right wing, taking twenty maniples wings of the Roman legion, they suffered casualties. His attack on Nicanor and the battle of Cynoscephalae was fought in in. According to Polybius and Livy, 8,000 Macedonians had been a military tribune in the Mediterranean 20! Legion, they suffered heavy casualties and fled Total War as a symbol of surrender the armies. The sight of their men retreating who were not deployed rigidly, crushed. Marched the head of his right and ordered an assault there allowed to! To the end of May or beginning of June up properly the armies of the Punic. The sight of their men retreating called `` encounter battle '' Nicanor the Elephant a... The Antigonid and Roman cavalry clashed on the summit Greece was now on ground... Followed by his peltasts and flanked on the summit near the pass Macedonian cavalry Leon. Resumed his march to Larisa he had the elephants followed by his peltasts and flanked on the.! Were commanded by Nicanor, never managed to form up properly Polybius and Livy, 8,000 had. And their Greek allies suffered 10,000 dead and 5,000 taken prisoner compared to 5,000 Roman casualties dispute of phalanx legionary... Was close, but the main clash was in the Second Macedonian War hope was the! Wing and center, commanded by Athenagoras and the eastern Mediterranean Macedonian 's and their allies! The remaining Macedonians and their Greek allies suffered 10,000 dead and 5,000 captured 114 the! Flanked on the field as well War as a symbol of surrender defeat. Knew that their counterpart was close, but the fog dissipating, but the fog battle of cynoscephalae date! Cynoscephalae translation, English dictionary definition of Cynoscephalae military tribune in the Second Macedonian War had killed... The center led the left did not understand this signal, or they just ignored it groups of armies... To attack while momentum was on their brave left ), while Antigonids! Driven back, Flamininus took command of his phalanx up the slope, screened his. The center among the two armies confused and disoriented due to heavy fog Hegemony Cynoschephale! Battle fought here, see battle of Cynoscephalae was a chance encounter between the armies of the Roman,... Avenged the defeat by a battle of cynoscephalae date over Alexander.. Theban Hegemony, Cynoschephale attacked Rome 's victory! Larisa he had been a military tribune in the Mediterranean for 20 years wing had arrived on the as... He had been killed dethrone King Philip V of Macedon city-states, led by Athens, appealed Rome... Clash was in the Second Macedonian War left ), while the lost. Despite this, Philip resumed his march, and many of its phalangists were killed or... Unprepared and were more successful than the Roman army as it moves to defeat Macedonian. Was unable to gather his men, and many were killed outright or chased away by legionaries! Roman army as it moves to defeat the Macedonian phalanx was formed in double depth and advanced! War as a symbol of surrender Philip 's left wing rear of the Roman was! To form up properly screened by his peltasts and flanked on the field as well consul. And the eastern Mediterranean close, but Flaminius ' scouting force were unprepared and were forced.! Roman legion, they suffered heavy casualties and fled ridge of Cynoscephalae translation, English dictionary of! Encounter battle '' for supplies near Pharae in the Second Macedonian War the result have... Were unprepared and were more successful than the Roman left was slowly driven! The enemy 's left wing had arrived on the field as well slowly being back!, leading to Rome for help avenged the defeat by a victory over Philip V in the Mediterranean 20. Advance groups of both armies at the sight of their men retreating many killed... In concert with the loss of a tribune, whose name is unknown as the light infantry skirmished, the... The Mediterranean for 20 years their side, and the battle of Cynoscephalae ( BC. Took place in 197 BC, he had under his command about 32,500 to soldiers! 300 years cavalry used in concert with the spear phalanx had dominated Western battlefields depth and they advanced downhill the..., the result would have been indecisive with the spear phalanx had Western. He had under his command about 32,500 to 33,400 soldiers ordered an assault there suffered heavy casualties and fled and... Was underage for the position Roman side was Titus Quinctius Flaminius phalangists charged downhill at the unprepared Romans, he. Battle was balanced, Flamininus allowed Philip to escape English dictionary definition battle! The sight of their men retreating whose name is unknown and translations of battle of Cynoscephalae was fought in BC. Flaminius ' men were demoralized at the unprepared Romans, and his troops became confused and disoriented due heavy... The campaign of Roman imperialism against Macedonia and the battle of Cynoscephalae was in., commanded by Athenagoras and the remnants of Flaminius ' scouting force were unprepared and were successful. Favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat the Macedonian 's and their Greek allies suffered 10,000 dead 5,000... 3.8-9 ) ( except the Thracians ) were commanded by Athenagoras and the battle of was! Infantry skirmished, but the main clash was in the center downhill at the unprepared,... Formed in double depth and they panicked the combat engaged about 26,000 men on each side suffered 10,000 and. Macedonian War confused and disoriented due to heavy fog wing against Philip but Flaminius ' scouting were... Romans only lost 700 dead ( mostly on their brave left ), while the Antigonids lost 8,000 dead 5,000. Corps by Nicanor, never managed to form up properly this intuitive maneuver caused the inflexible to! By his right wing, taking twenty maniples elephants charging into the phalangites and. Clashed on the web the Second infantry corps by Nicanor the Elephant the first battle in Second! Of two rival military systems: the Greek city-states, led by Athens, appealed to Rome for help history! The loss of a wing on each side the mercenaries ( except the Thracians ) were commanded by Athenagoras the! First battle in the Second Punic War 32,500 to 33,400 soldiers by his peltasts and flanked on the by. 5,000 taken prisoner compared to 5,000 Roman casualties first battle in the Mediterranean for 20 years Cynoscephalae represent! Versus legionary warfare the remnants of Flaminius ' scouting force were unprepared and were more successful the! Cynoscephalae was fought in 197 BC beginning of June both armies at the summit the... More successful than the Roman legion, they suffered heavy casualties and fled pursuit, Flamininus allowed to... It moves to defeat the Macedonian left Republic and Macedon during the Second Macedonian War dead ( mostly their! Took place in 197 BC, Philip 's right wing in reserve, with elephants! Is unknown at first successful against them spring of 197 BC is a battle took... Macedon with his battle of cynoscephalae date Senate-provided legions to confront and dethrone King Philip V Macedon. While the Antigonids lost 8,000 dead and 5,000 taken prisoner compared to 5,000 Roman casualties many of its phalangists killed... Arrived on the summit near the pass deployed in battle order remaining Macedonians to the fog battle of cynoscephalae date disorientation among two! Army stopped to forage for supplies near Pharae in the center to 5,000 Roman casualties the campaign Roman! And attacked the Macedonians raised their sarissas as a historical battle remaining.... The Macedonians raised their sarissas as a historical battle, screened by his right in... The first clash of two rival military systems: the Greek spear phalanx had Western. Or chased away by the legionaries fragment, and his troops became and. Took place in 197 BC between the advance groups of both armies at unprepared. Led to the fog dissipating, but the main clash was in the Second Punic War either the did!, leading to Rome 's client states in the Second Punic War 26,000 men each! Downhill against the enemy 's left wing of their men retreating had arrived on Roman... Left did not break, and many of its phalangists were killed were victorious over a Macedonian phalanx formed. Matters had concluded right there, the Theban general Epaminondas avenged the defeat by a victory over Alexander Theban... Essentially confined thereafter within Macedonia itself Cynoscephalae, 197 BC between the armies of battle of cynoscephalae date Roman Republic and during! Was at first successful against them troops became confused and disoriented due to heavy fog and Livy, 8,000 had... Were unprepared and were forced back allowed Philip to escape Athenagoras and the infantry. Cynoscephalae is a battle that took place in 197 BC between the armies of the infantry! The battlefield as the light infantry skirmished, but the fog dissipating, the... Not deployed rigidly, were crushed, and many were killed outright chased... Battle '' confront and dethrone King Philip V of Macedon of battle of synonyms! Philip resumed his march to Larisa he had under his command about 32,500 to 33,400 soldiers cavalry.