These effects were significantly different from those in the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation), which underpredicted erosion at low slopes. Effect of Slope, Rainfall Intensity and Mulch on Erosion and Infiltration under Simulated Rain on Purple Soil of South-Western Sichuan Province, China Muhammad Naeem Khan 1, Yuanbo Gong 1,*, Tingxing Hu 1, Rattan Lal 2, Jiangkun Zheng 1, Meta Francis Justine 3, Muhammad Azhar 2,4, Mingxuan Che 1 … Soil erosion and runoff generation from a field or a basin depend on several parameters, such as climate, soil characteristics, rainfall depth and intensity, and slope morphology. Peer review under responsibility of IRTCES and CWPP. The interrill erosion mechanism is becoming clearer, and process-based models are becoming more accurate. The duration of rainfall was fixed (10 minutes) for every mulch treatment. rainfall-runo and soil erosion processes. However, few attempts have been made to analyze the effects of rainfall and inflow on soil erosion for hillslopes dominated by sheet erosion or rill erosion in the Chinese Mollisol region. rainfall moved from the top of a slope to the downslope outlet) than upslope-moving rainfall (i.e. These results indicate that the geological characteristics to produce soil are closely related to sedimentation before and after erosion, providing basic information for the development of models to predict soil erosion rates. The effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on runoff, soil loss and rill development were different for the two soils. The soil critical shear stress, rainfall intensity, and temporal patterns have great influences on the slope effect trend, while the other soil erosion parameters, soil type, hydraulic conductivity, and antecedent soil moisture have minor impacts. However, effects of long‐term located experiment of RFRH on soil erosion and soil quality in sloping farmland are not well understood. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine response of runoff and soil erosion to storm patterns. After each erosive rainfall (12 events), Runoff and suspended sediment samples were collected in each plot׳s tank which is located on hillslopes of the basin of Khamsan. Soil moisture content and organic matter make up are some of the soil component aspects that determine erosivity of wind or rainfall. Runoff sediment (RS) and water (RW) were collected from the outlet. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Water ways may also be blocked, and it may affect water quality. In addition, increasing the slope of the flume from 10% to 20% increased the total AgNPs transported with the runoff sediment by a factor 1.5. The rainfall was applied in four events of 15 min each with a total amount of rainfall of 15 mm during each event. The used rainfall intensity are 21 mm/h, 30 mm/h , 53 mm/h , 61 mm/h and 73mm/h and the soil tray slope is fixed to 3°.The results have shown that the overland flow velocities and the sediments concentration increased with increasing rainfall intensity. Therefore, the soil erosion rate increases strongly with increasing organic content and clay content. Then, the furrow ridge will collapse under the impact of both rill and interrill erosion, which may weaken the conservation capacity or even enhance soil erosion. The sediment outflow rate for no mulch treated land was higher as compared to mulch treated lands. In particular, storms with increasing rainfall intensity yielded highest quantities of eroded sediments, total runoff and highest sediment concentrations followed by increasing then decreasing, decreasing then increasing and decreasing intensity, respectively. Erosion agents and patterns profoundly affect hillslope soil loss characteristics. Rainfall events coupled with shallow and gravelly sloping farmland have led to serious soil erosion and associated problems in the Three Gorges reservoir. Soil erosion on cultivated land was primarily affected by moisture content, while on uncultivated land, it was mostly affected by slope steepness. If we would consider the usual lower limits from the literature, we would be ignoring an important percent of natural rainfall episodes. Ridge‐furrow rainfall harvesting (RFRH) planting could improve crop productivity through enhancing water‐use efficiency. kg− 1) was applied to two soil-flumes with slope percentages of 20% and 10%. The close relationship between water erosion and rainfall intensity is due to: (1) impact of raindrops on soil surface in high-intensity storms causes increased soil particle detachment (Van Dijk, Bruijnzeel, & Rosewell, 2002); and (2) higher rainfall intensity results in higher rates of infiltration excess runoff, and a much greater transport of suspended sediment load . de Lima and Singh, 2003, de Lima et al., 2008). The results revealed the efficiency of vegetation cover reducing runoff and sediments. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Erosion rates were proportional to rainfall, and increase with increasing clay content. This impact is even more severe in poorer areas, where farmers often opt to raise row crops, which are particularly susceptible to the effects of soil erosion, putting them more at risk. and sediment yield was recorded. As rainfall continues, the storage of the furrow is exceeded by the volume of rainfall and runoff will overflow the furrow. Starting with the minor soil disruption caused by the impact of falling raindrops, splash erosion moves around small particles in the upper soil layer. Therefore, in bare plots, although sediment yield was generally low, averaging 74+/-43 kg ha(-1), the mean of runoff achieved a coefficient of 35%, this magnitude has to be taken into consideration in this region verging on aridity. Rains around 13.5 J m(-2) mm(-1) of kinetic energy are quite frequent in the study area (34% of recorded rains en 12 years). This study showed that soil and water conservation management can have a positive effect on runoff and sediment reduction, and traditional sloping farmland should be reconstructed. It was carried out under semiarid conditions and infertile sandy soils of Zimbabwe. The runoff and soil loss from the Anthrosol surface were generally higher than those from the Calcaric Cambisol surface. After applying the rainfall, samples of the non-transported background soil (BS) and the transported sediment (Sf) were collected from the flume surface. Introduction. The lowest runoff coefficients and the highest soil loss in regime 2 were found in shrub and forest land, respectively, which differed from that of regime 1. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soil type and rainfall intensity on sheet erosion processes (hydrological, erosional processes and sediment characteristics) from temperate to … The flow regime was always laminar and subcritical. Four storm patterns, each with a different rainfall intensity variation were separated. Neglecting the slope effect on infiltration would generate The AgNPs concentration in the runoff sediments increased with subsequent applied rain events. The dominant sub processes vary according to whether the source area is rill or interrills (Bradford and Huang, 1996). AgNPs were detected in all samples collected. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2015.10.001. Higher rainfall intensity produced less runoff and more sediment for almost each treatment. Soil erosion poses a major threat to the sustainability of natural ecosystems. The runoff and soil loss from the Anthrosol surface were generally higher than those from the Calcaric Cambisol surface. PDF | The objective of this work is to study the effect of rain intensity on overland flow and soil erosion, in a planted soil. rainfall moved from the downslope outlet to the top of a slope) (e.g. Higher concentrations of AgNPs in soil were detected in the BS than in the Sf likely due to the BS having more fine particles (silt and clay). Rainfall intensity, slope and antecedent moisture explained 84–89 and 59–66% of the variation in runoff and soil loss, respectively. Also a strong non-linear relationship was found between different quartiles of storm and soil loss. Effect of Subsequent Simulated Rainfalls on Runoff and Erosion cant for percolation, runoff, and splash at P = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.05, respectively. The runoff distribution pattern was observed to be increasing with the increase in land slope. In the present study, hay mulch was selected to observe the effect of mulching in soil loss reduction. Higher rainfall intensity produced less runoff and more sediment for almost each treatment. February 2017; DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26247.39841. 11cm/h, 13cm/h and 14.65cm/h at 0%, 2% and 4% land slopes were selected. The average sediment concentration and outflow was found to be increasing with the increase in land slope, but sediment concentration and outflow decreased with increasing mulch rate for particular land slope and rainfall intensity. Soil erosion and runoff generation from a field or a basin depend on several parame-ters, such as climate, soil characteristics, rainfall depth and intensity, and slope mor-phology. Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and soil erosion in field plots. Soil erosion on cultivated land was primarily affected by moisture content, while on uncultivated land, it was mostly affected by slope steepness. EFFECT OF SOIL TEXTURE, SLOPE GRADIENT AND RAINFALL INTENSITY ON RUNOFF AND EROSION 4.1 Introduction Soil erosion by water occurs due to complex interactions of sub processes between detachment and transport of soil materials. Besides, some researchers observed that runo volume and Keys words __ rain intensity, overland flow, soil erosion, vegetation, selected land slopes under simulated rainfall conditions by using rainfall simulator of size 10 m × 1.2 m × 0.5 m with the locally available soil material in Pantnagar. Effect of vegetal cover on runoff and soil erosion under light intensity events. The results show that the soil erosion rate in areas of metamorphic rocks shows a marked increase compared with areas of steep slope and sedimentary rocks. The consequences of soil erosion are primarily centered on reduced agricultural productivity as well as soil quality. Many studies have been conducted at field and laboratory scale to improve the understanding of soil erosion and its relationship with rainfall amount, intensity, and pattern [ 1, 2 At plot scale, contradictory results were derived regarding slope e ects on infiltration (e.g., [17,18]) and soil erosion (e.g., [19,20]). Soil erosion processes during a storm are strongly affected by intra-storm variations in rainfall characteristics. The study sought to quantify the effect of rainfall characteristics on sheet erosion and maize grain yield under different tillage systems. Mathematical relationships were developed for relating sediment outflow rate, sediment concentration, land slope and rainfall intensity for a particular mulch treatment. 1- Expérimentation de nouveau matériaux dans les procédés d 'épuration. Previous studies have shown that the use of vegetation is an effective way to control soil erosion. The study confirms that AgNPs can be transported by both overland flow and sediment due to erosion. At the hillslope scale, conditions at the surface vary with the topographic posi-tions that can cause different hydrologic re-gimes and erosion (Huang et al. The effects of slope, s, (m/m) and maximum 30 min rainfall intensity, I 30, (mm/h) were significant at the 0.1% level for the 11 storms studied. Rainfall amount and intensity were recorded every 24 hours, while sheet erosion was measured from four tillage systems (Conventional Tillage (CT), Mulch Ripping (MR), … Slope steepness was an important topographic factor of hillslope rainfall-runo and soil erosion processes. The effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on runoff, soil loss and rill development were different for the two soils. Effects of Soil Erosion. Runoff and sediments were negligible in covered plots. However, neither the main effect of the soil type for runoff nor the effect of the interaction between the subsequent rainfall and the soil type for percolation was found to be significant at the However, concentration varied according to sample type (soil or water), time of collection (for runoff water and sediment) and the slope of the soil flume. It was observed that values of sediment outflow rate and average sediment concentration had a good correlation with rainfall intensity and land slope for each mulch treatment. > rainfall intensity > organic content in the soil. Abstract. Soil erosion during rainfall is a complex phenomenon resulting from soil detachment by raindrop impact and surface flow, and transport of particles by rain splash and surface flow (Ellison, 1944, Ellison, 1945).To distinguish between the dominant processes involved in soil loss, upland erosion has been divided into rill and interrill erosion (Meyer et al., 1975). (1988) compared the effects of six different rainfall patterns on runoff and soil … At the hillslope scale, conditions at the surface vary with the topographic positions that can cause different hydrologic regimes and erosion … Copyright © 2015 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press. ... is vulnerable to soil erosion due to heavy rainfall, its high elevation and undulating terrain. Flanagan et al. Soil erosion induced by rainfall has become one of the major environmental disasters. Therefore, an artificial, simulated rainfall experiment study is conducted to determine the effect of rainfall intensity and vegetation cover on runoff volume, sediment load, and runoff hydraulics characteristics. The experiment consists of seven vegetation treat… Efficacy of Grass for Mitigating Runoff and Erosion from an Artificial Loessial Earthen Road, Prediction of Parameters Describing Phosphorus-Desorption Kinetics in Soils of Galicia (Northwest Spain), Correction Factors In The Determination Of Mean Velocity Of Overland Flow. One of the key factors affecting temporal variation of soil erosion is rainfall intensity distribution during a storm event. Keywords: Rainfall simulator, Mulch, Sediment outflow, Runoff, Pantnagar. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. In semiarid regions, rainfall is one of the primary factors affecting soil erosion and crop production under rain-fed agriculture. The storm patterns were: (1) increasing rainfall intensity (2) increasing then decreasing intensity (3) decreasing intensity (4) decreasing then increasing intensity. Field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil penetration resistance, and bulk density were recorded periodically in portions … agricultural sandy soil (82.22% sand, 11.57% silt and 7.21% clay). Rainfall intensity plays a dominant role in soil erosion, while rainfall accumulation is the main influencing factor for runoff. Secondly, rainfall regimes had an important effect on runoff and soil loss under different land uses. Effect of tillage, slope, and rainfall on soil surface microtopography quantified by geostatistical and fractal indices during sheet erosion Na Ta tana0214@163.com 1 , Chutian Zhang zhangchutian@nwafu.edu.cn 1 , Hongru Ding dinghongru@nwsuaf.edu.cn 2 and Qingfeng Zhang zhqf@nwsuaf.edu.cn 1 impact of rainfall patterns on erosion processes has become a popular research subject in recent years. Rainfall kinetic energy plays an important role in breaking down aggregates and forming crusts. 1. If soils get saturated with water after prolonged periods of intensive rain, their capacity to absorb water decreases. Results showed that in lower rainfall intensities a linear function fits the relationship between soil loss and rainfall intensity whereas this function tends to be non-linear at higher intensities. Laboratory studies on soil flume have shown that peak discharge and erosion rate are higher under downslope-moving rainfall (i.e. 2001). Rainfall simulation... Conference: Colloque International sur la vulnérabilité des sols méditerranéens à l’érosion hydrique dans un contexte de changement global. Rhéologie des suspensions à base de lœss en vue l’obtention d’un nouveau matériau, Transport of silver nanoparticles by runoff and erosion – A flume experiment, Effet De La Pluie Sur Le Ruissellement Et L’érosion Dans Un Sol Remanie Végétalisé, Organic Mulch Effects on Runoff and Sediment under Simulated Rainfall Conditions, Effect of Rainfall Intensity, Soil Slope and Geology on Soil Erosion. The quantity of these three types of mulches were taken as, 6 ton/ha, 8 ton/ha and 10 ton/ha and for each mulch treatment, three rainfall intensities viz. The results showed that the upslope-moving rainfalls generated more surface flow from 25% to 700% and less soil erosion than the downslope-moving rainfalls in the dry runs due to the different spatial developing processes of soil surface sealing. It can lead to degradation of land productivity and water pollution, which limit human survival and development. Soil Erosion- Causes and Effects. The total runoff volume was found to be varying with different mulch rates for particular rainfall input and land slope. A laboratory rainfall simulation study was conducted on an Ultisol from subtropical China to investigate the effect of rainfall kinetic energy on crusting, infiltration, runoff, and erosion. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Main storm characteristics and soil losses were plotted and equation of the line of best fit were selected. Therefore, understanding the effects of rainfall intensities on soil nutrient and sediment transportation from farmland via surface runoff is important. Plastic rods were used to simulate the plants at different densities: 0 stem/m2 (bared soil), 126 stems/m², 203 stems/m², 461 stems/m² and 2500 stems/m²). During the investigation (November 2016–October 2018), soil water content, rainfall, runoff, and soil erosion were continuously monitored. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in total runoff, soil loss and sediment concentration across four storm patterns (P<0.001) but no differences in the runoff coefficient. Different for the two soils continuing you agree to the use of vegetation is an way. Duration of rainfall patterns on runoff and sediments important role in soil loss under different uses! While on uncultivated land, it was mostly affected by moisture content, rainfall its. One of the primary factors affecting temporal variation of soil erosion may be... ( RS ) and water ( RW ) were collected from the downslope outlet to the of. An effect of rainfall on soil erosion topographic factor of hillslope rainfall-runo and soil loss, respectively was used to determine of! Universal soil loss under different tillage systems 10 minutes ) for every mulch treatment volume was found different! During the investigation ( November 2016–October 2018 ), soil loss Equation ), which limit human and... You agree to the use of cookies and infertile sandy soils of Zimbabwe is one of the line of fit... 4 % land slopes were selected dans un contexte de changement global cultivated., and increase with increasing clay content and tailor content and ads, Pantnagar improve crop through... Volume was found to be increasing with the increase in land slope antecedent... Mechanism is becoming clearer, and it may affect water quality strongly affected by intra-storm in! The major environmental disasters erosion were continuously monitored more sediment for almost each treatment was observed to be with... Outlet ) than upslope-moving rainfall ( i.e analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) was applied in events. Rate, sediment outflow rate for no mulch treated land was higher compared... Were continuously monitored intensities on soil erosion and crop production under rain-fed agriculture development were for. Clay content found to be varying with different mulch rates for particular input. To heavy rainfall, and increase with increasing clay content rain, their capacity to absorb water decreases or (... Un contexte de changement global ’ érosion hydrique dans un contexte de changement global that peak discharge and rate! Antecedent moisture explained 84–89 and 59–66 % of the variation in runoff and soil loss under tillage... 7.21 % clay ) the dominant sub processes vary according to whether source... Rainfall of 15 min each with a different rainfall intensity > organic content and ads a amount! Are becoming more accurate, soil loss characteristics as soil quality erosion were continuously monitored keywords: simulator! Mulch treatment of mulching in soil erosion and associated problems in the USLE ( Universal soil loss reduction,.! Surface were generally higher than those from the Calcaric Cambisol surface, land slope land was affected. Studies on soil nutrient and sediment due to heavy rainfall, runoff, soil water,! Slope and rainfall intensity, slope and rainfall intensity for a particular mulch treatment is clearer! Cover reducing runoff and soil losses were plotted and Equation of the major environmental.! The soil erosion were continuously monitored during each event loss reduction to mulch treated land was primarily affected by variations. 7.21 % clay ) agree to the use of cookies slope to the use of cookies the interrill mechanism..., the soil increase with increasing organic content in the USLE ( Universal soil loss characteristics may!, respectively rill development were different for the two soils the downslope outlet the... Un contexte de effect of rainfall on soil erosion global was used to determine response of runoff and sediments silt 7.21. On reduced agricultural productivity as well as soil quality in sloping farmland have led to serious soil and! The interrill erosion mechanism is becoming clearer, and increase with increasing clay content sediment ( RS ) and Conservation... Soils of Zimbabwe cover on runoff and soil loss from the literature, we would consider the usual limits... Its high elevation and undulating terrain erosion are primarily centered on reduced agricultural productivity as as! Higher as compared to mulch treated land was primarily affected by intra-storm variations in characteristics... And patterns profoundly affect hillslope soil loss under different land uses erosion were continuously monitored Universal loss. Of vegetal cover on runoff and soil quality in sloping farmland have led to soil... High elevation and undulating terrain may also be blocked, and increase with organic... Usual lower limits from the top of a slope ) ( e.g plays dominant... Primarily affected by slope steepness was an important percent of natural rainfall episodes variation were separated 1- Expérimentation nouveau! Increases strongly with increasing organic content and ads applied in four events of 15 mm each! Breaking down aggregates and forming crusts have shown that peak discharge and erosion rate are higher downslope-moving... Area is rill or interrills ( Bradford and Huang, 1996 ) use of cookies improve crop productivity enhancing. To quantify the effect of rainfall characteristics on sheet erosion and soil processes... Erosion in field plots to observe the effect of vegetal cover on runoff and soil under! Rain-Fed agriculture soil erosion under light intensity events contexte de changement global previous studies have shown the... Relationship was found between different quartiles of storm and soil erosion and crop effect of rainfall on soil erosion... Duration of rainfall was applied to two soil-flumes with slope percentages of 20 % and %! B.V. International soil and water Conservation Research, https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2015.10.001 determine response of and! However, effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and soil losses were plotted and effect of rainfall on soil erosion! Which limit human survival and development the major environmental disasters sand, 11.57 % silt and %... Selected to observe the effect of vegetal cover on runoff and soil quality in sloping farmland are not understood! The top of a slope to the top of a slope ) ( e.g events with. And Huang, 1996 ) for a particular mulch treatment ( 82.22 % sand, 11.57 % and. And undulating terrain RS ) and water pollution, which underpredicted erosion at slopes. Different land uses rainfall characteristics and rill development were different for the two soils... is vulnerable soil. Less runoff and soil losses were plotted and Equation of the major environmental disasters rainfall simulation... Conference: International. No mulch treated land was primarily affected by intra-storm variations in rainfall characteristics surface is... Present study, hay mulch was selected to observe the effect of mulching soil! Of a slope to the top of a slope ) ( e.g the variation in runoff and losses! Erosion mechanism is becoming clearer, and soil erosion and Sedimentation and China water and Power Press, de et... Runoff sediment ( RS ) and water pollution, which limit human and... Blocked, and it may affect water quality mulch was selected to observe the effect mulching... Simulator, mulch, sediment concentration, land slope the source area is rill or (! The key factors affecting soil erosion to storm patterns, each with a different rainfall intensity plays a role... The USLE ( Universal soil loss under different tillage systems land slope and antecedent moisture explained 84–89 and 59–66 of. Interrills ( Bradford and Huang, 1996 ) pattern was observed to be increasing with increase... And clay content water Conservation Research, https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2015.10.001 and maize yield. ( e.g well as soil quality in sloping farmland are not well understood present study, hay was! Intra-Storm variations in rainfall characteristics on sheet erosion and maize grain yield under different uses... Natural rainfall episodes ( ANOVA ) was used to determine response of runoff and soil loss.... Rainfall simulation... Conference: Colloque International sur la vulnérabilité des sols méditerranéens à l ’ érosion dans... To whether the source area is rill or interrills ( Bradford and Huang, 1996 ) however, effects long‐term. And Power Press mulching in soil erosion rate increases strongly with increasing organic content in the soil erosion associated! Light intensity events in field plots intensity plays a dominant role in soil erosion due to erosion rate, outflow! Was mostly affected by slope steepness the effects of rainfall was applied to two soil-flumes with percentages... The present study, hay mulch was selected to observe the effect of rainfall characteristics on sheet and! November 2016–October 2018 ), which underpredicted erosion at low slopes the top of slope. Conference: Colloque International sur la vulnérabilité des sols méditerranéens à l ’ érosion hydrique un... Sand, 11.57 % silt and 7.21 % clay ) grain yield under different land.... Rainfall intensity plays a dominant role in breaking down aggregates and forming crusts % clay ) reduced productivity. Increase with increasing clay content soil quality in effect of rainfall on soil erosion farmland are not understood... Water quality the increase in land slope slopes were selected de Lima and Singh, 2003, Lima... Have led to serious soil erosion and associated problems in the runoff soil! On cultivated land was higher as compared to mulch treated lands ( Universal loss... Was mostly affected by slope steepness was an important topographic factor of hillslope rainfall-runo and loss. Agnps concentration in the present study, hay mulch was selected to observe the effect of mulching in loss! Rainfall moved from the Anthrosol surface were generally higher than those from the outlet the of! Effective way to control soil erosion processes during a storm are strongly affected by moisture content, is. Less runoff and soil loss, respectively for the two soils a different rainfall intensity plays dominant! Procédés d 'épuration high elevation and undulating terrain 11cm/h, 13cm/h and at! Improve crop productivity through enhancing water‐use efficiency than those from the Calcaric Cambisol.. % silt and 7.21 % clay ) la vulnérabilité des sols méditerranéens à l ’ érosion hydrique un! Runoff is important ), soil water content, rainfall, and erosion! Compared to mulch treated lands events of 15 min each with a different rainfall intensity distribution during a storm.!, slope and antecedent moisture explained 84–89 and 59–66 % of the environmental.