508.178 Cr. Tamil architecture reached its peak during Pallava rule. Non-metallic minerals; and 3. The Cholas went on to becoming a great power and built some of the most imposing religious structures in their lifetime and they also renovated temples and buildings of the Pallavas, acknowledging their common socio-religious and cultural heritage. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. The Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative ranks Tamil Nadu to have a Multidimensional Poverty Index of 0.141, which is in the level of Ghana among the developing countries. In 1762, a tripartite treaty was signed between Thanjavur Maratha, Carnatic, and the British by which Thanjavur became a vassal of the Nawab of the Carnatic which eventually ceded to the British. One of the earliest regional parties, the South Indian Welfare Association, a forerunner to Dravidian parties in Tamil Nadu, was started in 1916. Ramachandran Central Railway Station, Madurai Junction, Katpadi Junction, Chennai Egmore, Salem Junction, Tiruchirappalli Junction, Coimbatore Junction are upgraded to A1 grade level. The Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium in Chennai hosts international hockey events and is regarded by the International Hockey Federation as one of the best in the world for its infrastructure.[215]. [216] The SDAT owns and operates world-class stadiums and organises sporting events. There are a total of 23,166,721 households. [128] The first silent film in Tamil Keechaka Vadham, was made in 1916. [131], There are more than 30 television channels of various genres in Tamil. Aadi Perukku is celebrated on the 18th day of the Tamil month Aadi, which celebrates the rising of the water level in the river Kaveri. The state also accounts for 50 per cent of leather exports[164][165] from India, valued at around US$3.3 billion of the total US$6.5 billion from India. Tamil Nadu covers an area of 130,058 km2 (50,216 sq mi), and is the eleventh-largest state in India. [139] Idlis, dosas, and sambar are quite common throughout the state. Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Coimbatore is a multi-purpose stadium in Coimbatore constructed in 1971 which is used to host I-League football matches. The Tamil Nadu government did not have a response system in place to act upon the detection of illegal mining activities, it said. The reason for the victory of the Justice Party in elections was the non-participation of the INC, demanding complete independence of India. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve located in the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills comprises part of adjoining states of Kerala and Karnataka. They reconstructed some of the well-known temples in Tamil Nadu such as the Meenakshi Temple. Failure of the summer monsoons and administrative shortcomings of the Ryotwari system resulted in two severe famines in the Madras Presidency, the Great Famine of 1876–78 and the Indian famine of 1896–97. When the sultanate was incorporated into the Mughal Empire in 1688, the northern part of current-day Tamil Nadu was administrated by the Nawab of the Carnatic, who had his seat in Arcot from 1715 onward. The famine led to the migration of people as bonded labourers for the British to various countries which eventually formed the present Tamil diaspora. Tamil Temple Loot: Thousands of idols in Tamil Nadu temples corroded. Indus valley script between 2000 and 1500 BCE, Power struggles of the 18th century (1688–1802), Princely state of Pudukkottai (1680–1948 CE), Vellore Mutiny and Indian Rebellion (1801–1947 CE), K.A.N. Headquartered at Chennai, the Southern Railway network extends over a large area of India's southern peninsula, covering the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, a small portion of Karnataka and a small portion of Andhra Pradesh. The granite gopuram (tower) of Brihadisvara Temple, 1010 CE, Airavatesvara Temple built by Rajaraja Chola II in the 12th century CE, The pyramidal structure above the sanctum at Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Brihadisvara Temple Entrance Gopurams at Thanjavur. Tamil Nadu has a well-developed rail network as part of Southern Railway. The top engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu have been a major recruiting hub for the IT firms. The first three of the above four temples are titled Great Living Chola Temples among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Tamil Nadu is the leading holder of country’s resources of vermiculite, magnetite, dunite, rutile, garnet, molybdenum and ilmenite. [35] The Pallavas ruled parts of South India with Kanchipuram as their capital. [153] Tamil Nadu Agricultural University with its seven colleges and thirty-two research stations spread over the entire state contributes to evolving new crop varieties and technologies and disseminating through various extension agencies. List of Minerals & Metallurgy Companies in Tamil Nadu , India . Warning: mysql_num_rows() expects parameter 1 to be resource, ... Other Advertisers for Tamil Nadu, India. According to estimates, about 50 per cent of the human resources required for the IT and ITES industry was being sourced from the state. Tamil Nadu falls mostly in a region of low seismic hazard with the exception of the western border areas that lie in a low to moderate hazard zone; as per the 2002 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) map, Tamil Nadu falls in Zones II and III. [103], Tamil written literature has existed for over 2,000 years. [147] The Cauvery delta region is known as the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu. [105][106] It is one of the oldest Indian literature amongst all others. [173] Coimbatore is the second largest software producer in the state, next to Chennai. Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population. The MRF Pace Foundation in Chennai is a popular fast bowling academy for pace bowlers all over the world. Meanwhile, to the south, the fall of the Thanjavur Nayaks led to a short-lived Thanjavur Maratha kingdom. The first month in the Tamil calendar is Chittirai and the first day of this month in mid-April is celebrated as Tamil New Year. Another High value mineral available here is Malibdinum, which is identified as a good conductor. PRADHAN MANTRI KHANIJ KSHETRA KALYAN YOJANA. A large part of the government records like land ownership records are digitised and all major offices of the state government like Urban Local Bodies – all the corporations and municipal office activities – revenue collection, land registration offices, and transport offices have been computerised. Cricket contests between local clubs, franchises and teams are popular in the state. Find here Potash Feldspar suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with Potash Feldspar prices for buying. Sashtri, A History of South India, pp 109–112, sfn error: no target: CITEREFCensus_population2011 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFCensus_by_religious_communities2002 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFCensus_of_Tamil_Nadu2011 (, The only religious poems among the shorter poems occur in, sfn error: no target: CITEREFChosun_Ilbo2007 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFe-census_India2002 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFMurali_Vijay2013 (, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFRavichandran_Ashwin2012 (, Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram, South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests, List of cities in Tamil Nadu by population, List of towns in Tamil Nadu by population, List of districts in Tamil Nadu by Human Development Index, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Indian Institute of Management Tiruchirappalli, Institute of Road and Transport Technology, Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. According to official data, the textile industry in Tamil Nadu accounts for 17 per cent of the total invested capital in all the industries. [79][80], At the 2011 India census, Tamil Nadu had a population of 72,147,030. 4 TAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY 8. The celebrated Nataraja temple at Chidambaram and the Ranganathaswamy Temple at Srirangam, Tiruchirappalli, held special significance for the Cholas which have been mentioned in their inscriptions as their tutelary deities. [44] She was drawn to war after her husband Muthu Vaduganatha Thevar (1750–1772), King of Sivaganga was murdered at Kalayar Kovil temple by British. The state comprises 39 Lok Sabha constituencies and 234 Legislative Assembly constituencies.[61]. Neyveli Airport is being renovated since 2019[183] to start the service from mid 2020. NewsX. Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah surrendered much of his territory to the East India Company which firmly established the British in the northern parts. These are the earliest specimen of Dravidian temples under the Cholas. Besides civilian airports, the state has four air bases of the Indian Air Force namely Thanjavur AFS, Tambram AFS, Coimbatore AFS and two naval air stations INS Rajali and INS Parundu of Indian Navy. [5] Tamil Nadu is the most urbanised state in India, and one of the most industrialised states; the manufacturing sector accounts for more than one-third of the state's GDP. Traditional Tamil grammar consists of five parts, namely eḻuttu, sol, poruḷ, yāppu, aṇi. The state is home to a number of historic buildings, multi-religious pilgrimage sites, hill stations and three World Heritage sites.[8][9][10]. Most early Tamil literary works are in verse form, with prose not becoming more common until later periods. It has the largest number of International Airports along with Kerala. The state generates a significant proportion of its power needs from renewable sources with wind power installed capacity at over 7154 MW,[194] accounting for 38 per cent of total installed wind power in India . Due to increased population and for administrative purposes, there is an increase in demands for new districts: The state capital of Chennai, is the most populous city in the state with more than 8,900,000 residents, followed by Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy and Salem, respectively. This eventually resulted in the further weakening of the empire; many Nayaks declared themselves independent, among whom the Nayaks of Madurai and Tanjore were the first to declare their independence, despite initially maintaining loose links with the Vijayanagara kingdom. P. V. Nandhidhaa - Chess Woman Grandmaster, Mariyappan Thangavelu (left most) - High jump, Joshna Chinappa and Dipika Pallikal - Squash. When India became independent in 1947, Madras presidency became Madras State, comprising present-day Tamil Nadu, coastal Andhra Pradesh up to Ganjam district in Odisha, South Canara district Karnataka, and parts of Kerala. • He defeated Mahipala, the king of Bengal, and to commemorate his victory he built a new capital and named it Gangaikonda Cholapuram. Tamil Nadu has a hoary antiquity. In 2004–2005, the poverty line was set at ₹351.86/month for rural areas and ₹547.42/month for urban areas. The eastern parts are fertile coastal plains and the northern parts are a mix of hills and plains. The Pteridophytes diversity of India includes 1,022 species of which Tamil Nadu has about 184 species. [4] When India adopted national standards Tamil was the first language to be recognised as a classical language of India. The economy of Tamil Nadu is the second-largest state economy in India with ₹18.45 trillion (US$260 billion) in gross domestic product with a per capita GDP of ₹218,000 (US$3,100). It is one of the oldest cantilever bridges still in operation, the double-leaf bascule bridge section can be raised to let boats and small ships pass through the Palk Strait in the Indian Ocean. Tamil Nadu has 37 universities, 552 engineering colleges[96] 449 polytechnic colleges[97] and 566 arts and science colleges, 34,335 elementary schools, 5,167 high schools, 5,054 higher secondary schools and 5,000 hospitals. [39] In 1639, the British, under the East India Company, established a settlement further south of Pulicat, in present-day Chennai. It has now been converted into a joint venture of the governments of India and of Tamil Nadu with equal equity holding. Districts are further divided into 226 Taluks administrated by Tahsildars comprising 1127 Revenue blocks administrated by Revenue Inspector (RI). 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