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Because panel data are collected at two or more times, the researcher assumes that "something" happens or can happen (i.e., changes may occur) during the time interval of interest. The characteristics of the 71 panel studies are summarized in Table 3. The recording accuracy issue has been addressed in several studies, notably Sudman (1964, 1964b), Wind and Lerner (1979), and Stanton and Tucci (1982). The standard measures of reliabilityCcoefficient alpha and other split-half correlations, equivalent measures, and test-retest correlationCare used to assess measurement reliability (Peter 1979). Kent B. Monroe, Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, 238-244. As a panel moderator, asking insightful and interesting questions is one of your biggest responsibilities. Both (A) and (B) tell us that the gross increase in sales of Strong over X (this represents all other brands) is 40 units (or 10%). Since the publications reviewed are the major outlets for publication of consumer behavior research, they provide a relatively unbiased perspective on the nature and status of consumer behavior research using the panel approach during that period. Wilson, R. Dale (1980), "Scientific Advancement in Consumer Research: Some Problems Encountered When Using Consumer Panel Data," in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. One matter that is always of concern, particularly in the latter situation, is reliability of measurement. In such natural or nonexperimental studies it is precisely what are termed "threats to validity" in experimental studies which are believed to cause the changes observed at the various reinterviews (see Table 4). Change over time, therefore, must be presumed to be the result of history, family changes, or other factors. The data in this study consist of published studies of substantive aspects of consumer behavior. ", A total of 71 published reports met all three criteria to be classified as panel research. Third, panel studies offer considerable flexibility, in that the researcher who notes a particular trend or relationship can make later inquiries to the same respondents in order to obtain explanations for earlier findings. Meat samples are prepared and cooked under precise and uniform conditions, and then presented to panel members in specialised testing areas. -Tom Webster, writer, speaker, and panel moderator. Answer (1 of 1): Technically a panel discussion consists of question and answers. Board Members understand their roles Resolve: 12 Characteristics … For an aesthetic look of the house, the panel door may be constructed with 4 panels or 6 panels. ----------------------------------------, European Advances in Consumer Research Volume 1, 1993      Pages 133-141, CONSUMER PANELS: A REVIEW OF CHARACTERISTICS AND USE IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR RESEARCH. In addition, Nicosia (1965) has pointed out that a panel study must also make use of so-called panel methods in obtaining panel data. Sanjeev Tripathi, Indian Institute of Management, Indore, Stephen Atlas, University of Rhode Island Sudman, Seymour and Robert Ferber (1979), Consumer Panels, Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association. Burnett, John J. and Julie Baker (1989), "The Robert-Worezel Hierarchical Model: An Extension Through Methodological and Variable Delineation Considerations," Proceedings, Educators' Conference of American Marketing Association, 265. The researcher should be concerned principally with accuracy of recording as a source of measurement error and with the use of data collection methods which encourage the greatest accuracy. In the United States, consumer panel organizations include, among others, such well-known national commercial panels as Market Research Corporation of America, National Family Opinion, and Market Facts. Conceptually, reliability is to measurement theory what internal validity is to experimental design, as both are concerned with "how good" the method used was as a method and not whether it provides "true" values. Peter, J. Paul (1979), "Reliability: A Review of Psychometric Basics and Recent Marketing Practices," Journal of Marketing Research, 16 (February), 6-17. This body of work can be described under three principal headings: research on the structure and operation of a panel; non-longitudinal research which happens to draw one or more samples from an existing panel; and longitudinal research using data collected from a panel. However, most panel studies do not seek to manipulate or introduce stimuli, but rather employ "natural designs." Of the 71 panel articles studied, only 12 (16.9%) involved some experimental manipulation. While Peter (1979) found that fewer than 5% of consumer behavior studies report reliability, the present study suggests that researchers using panels are somewhat more diligent in considering reliability. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Most of the data was collected by mail, but only one-third of the studies were based on purchase or time-use diaries. Arvind Sahay, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad Richins, Marsha L. and Peter H. Bloch (1991), "Post-Purchase Product Satisfaction: Incorporating the Effects of Involvement and Time," Journal of Business Research, 23 (September), 145-158. Nonetheless, significantly more needs to be done. The next, and perhaps more important, question is how can the concept of panel reliability be operationally measured. The panel team might differ according to the organization’s type. Therefore, those issues are not addressed in the present paper. The ten studies are summarized in Table 5. 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