A few places. We don't have significant evidence or study to quote anything.". Rudy Giuliani’s New Theory on Debunked Georgia Video: They Were Handing Out Dope Rachel Olding 12/10/2020. It claims that the coronavirus pandemic is a cover for a plan to implant trackable microchips and that the Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is behind it. It’s true that the North played a major role in sustaining the slave economy. The most common theory about Bigfoot is that he is some kind of undiscovered species of primate, ape-like but more intelligent and more evolved than any we currently know of. By joining Slate Plus you support our work and get exclusive content. The theory eventually inspired an armed man in search of the nonexistent children to enter Comet Ping Pong. Bottom line: Why should this matter? .css-1xgx53b-Link{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#FFFFFF;}.css-1xgx53b-Link:hover,.css-1xgx53b-Link:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}Read about our approach to external linking. : According to the 1860 census, taken just before the Civil War, more than 32 percent of white families in the soon-to-be Confederate states owned slaves. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation says: "The reference to 'digital certificates' relates to efforts to create an open-source digital platform with the goal of expanding access to safe, home-based testing.". (N.B. GGlove84 on July 07, 2017: I'm sorry but the evidence is there. Since very few laws regulated slaveholders’ treatment of enslaved people, there would be no guarantee that the next place the enslaved person landed would be equally comfortable—and the enslaved had limited opportunity, short of running away or resisting, to control the situation. Enslaved workers were expected to supplement their diets when they could, by tending their own vegetable gardens and hunting or trapping—more work to be added to their already heavy loads. A conspiracy theory linking 5G mobile telecommunications masts to the spread of the coronavirus is baseless and fake, South Africa's telecom regulator said … If so few Southerners owned slaves, goes the argument, then the war had to be about something else (namely, the sanctity of states’ rights). There were no photographers in 17th-century Virginia.). Slavery Myths Debunked The Irish were slaves too; slaves had it better than Northern factory workers; black people fought for the Confederacy; and other lies, half-truths, and irrelevancies. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. .css-1snjdh1-IconContainer{display:none;height:0.875em;width:0.875em;vertical-align:-0.0625em;margin-right:0.25em;}Long watch: Is this Russian cult leader a fraud? While working on our Slate Academy podcast, The History of American Slavery, we encountered many types of slavery denial—frequently disguised as historical correctives and advanced by those who want to change (or end) conversation about the deep impact of slavery on American history. There is plenty of info out there on aquatic ape theory, though. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Hogan cites several writers—Sean O’Callaghan in To Hell or Barbados and Don Jordan and Michael Walsh in White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain’s White Slaves in America—who exaggerate poor treatment of Irish indentured servants and intentionally conflate their status with African slaves. Tribal chieftains often sold their defeated foes to white slave-traders.”. As historian and public librarian Liam Hogan writes in a paper titled “The Myth of ‘Irish Slaves’ in the Colonies,” “Persons from Ireland have been held in various forms of human bondage throughout history, but they have never been chattel slaves in the West Indies.” Nor is there any evidence of Irish chattel slavery in the North American colonies. By most measures, this isn’t “small”—it’s roughly the same percentage of Americans who, today, hold a college degree. It turns out that Young and the organisation that held the conference where he made his claims have a history of spreading unfounded conspiracy theories. To elide this is to diminish the realities of chattel slavery, which—perhaps—is one reason the most vocal purveyors of the myth are neo-Confederate and white supremacist groups. From the origins of the virus to how it transmits, an Australian health security expert and an immunology professor address some of the conspiracy theories and myths being shared about COVID-19. But, as historian Ira Berlin writes, the slave South was a slave society, not just a society with slaves. Blandina on November 07, 2017: I really like your article, I wish I could use this for a presentation of these theory's , I would like to use you as a source , however there's not enough information about the author. Advertising. And if slaves seem good soldiers, then our whole theory of slavery is wrong.”, The myth is a product of the post-war period, when former Confederate leaders worked to retroactively redefine secession from a movement to preserve slavery to a fight for abstract “state’s rights” and a hazy “Southern way of life.”, Bottom line: Even if there were black soldiers in the Confederate army, it doesn’t change the truth of the Confederacy: Its goal was the protection and expansion of slavery. Some researchers refer to it as the North American Great Ape, though the species is, of course, theoretical. : There’s no question that this is true. We asked Dr Rajni Kant, a biologist and head of research at the Indian Council for Medical Research, about the use of cow urine or dung as a treatment. It is true that whichever pharmaceutical company develops a vaccine could potentially profit from the success, but the idea that this potential profit would be a motive to invent a pandemic is far-fetched. View comments () Post a comment. © 2021 BBC. By Jack Goodman and Flora Carmichael BBC Reality Check Some black slaveholders bought family members, though this humanitarian arrangement doesn’t account for all of the history of black slaveholding, as Gates points out. And when it was threatened, those whites—whether they owned slaves or not—took up arms to defend their “way of life.”. Slavery was at the foundation of economic and social relations, and slave-ownership was aspirational—a symbol of wealth and prosperity. But the two types of historical guilt aren’t mutually exclusive. And you'll never see this message again. Video. Whites who couldn’t afford slaves wanted them in the same way that, today, most Americans want to own a home. Dec. 21, 2012, wasn't the end of the world, and here's why. By Jack Goodman and Flora CarmichaelBBC Reality Check. : This is certainly true. Rumors, myths and misinformation about Covid-19 have spread as quickly as the disease itself. .css-po6dm6-ItalicText{font-style:italic;}Additional reporting by Laura Gozzi, Shruti Menon, Olga Robinson and Shayan Sardarizadeh. He made no mention of microchips. Servants could even petition for early release due to mistreatment, and colonial lawmakers established different, often lesser, punishments for disobedient servants compared to disobedient slaves. But this is a distraction from the real issue: Slavery, as a system, legalized and codified the slaveholder’s control over the enslaved person’s body. This is a classic “two wrongs make a right” ethical proposition. As historians Ed Baptist and Sven Beckert show in their respective books, American slavery was an economic engine for the global economy. Evelyn Schlatter and Robert Steinback . A Facebook meme announcing a "wonder drug to battle corona" and a "cow-dung vaccine" has been shared widely on Facebook in India. In a June column on the legacy of Robert E. Lee that was otherwise largely critical of the Confederate general, New York Times op-ed columnist David Brooks wrote that, though Lee owned slaves, he didn’t like owning slaves—a biographical detail whose inclusion seemed to imply that Lee’s ambivalence somehow made his slaveholding less objectionable. Naturally, this meant that slavery was vital to Northern financial and industrial interests. “It is a very sad aspect of African-American history that slavery sometimes could be a colorblind affair,” writes Henry Louis Gates Jr. on the Root, in a fascinating piece about the history of black slaveholders in the United States. Last year, in an unsigned (and now withdrawn) review of historian Ed Baptist’s book The Half Has Never Been Told, the Economist took issue with Baptist’s “overstated” treatment of the topic, arguing that the increase in the country’s economic output in the 19th century shouldn’t be chalked up to black workers’ innovations in the cotton field but rather to masters treating their slaves well out of economic self-interest—a bit of seemingly rational counterargument that ignores the moral force of Baptist’s narrative, while making space for the fantasy of kindly slavery. The theory is that if enough people are naturally exposed to the virus, the population could build up enough immunity to resist continued spread among the "herd" of people. A slave named Peter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April 2, 1863. a June column on the legacy of Robert E. Lee, The Myth of ‘Irish Slaves’ in the Colonies, brought a cargo of Africans from Barbados to Boston in 1634, sentenced to lifelong slavery in Virginia, considered black people’s palates to be less refined than white people’s. The South’s production of cotton drove industrialization and fueled a massive commodities market that transformed the world. We don't still whine about it. In the video, Mr Gates is talking about the efficacy of vaccines in older people and cautions about the risk of side-effects. We could compare levels of mistreatment of Northern factory workers and Southern enslaved laborers and find that each group lived with hunger and injury; both findings are dismaying. “Black people enslaved each other in Africa, and black people worked with slave traders, so …”, In a piece published in Vice magazine in 2005 (and still available on the Vice website), comedian Jim Goad offers a series of “feel better about your history, white kids” arguments. The Big Pharma conspiracy theory is a group of conspiracy theories that claim that the medical community in general and pharmaceutical companies in particular, especially large corporations, operate for sinister purposes and against the public good, and that they allegedly conceal effective treatments, or even cause and worsen a wide range of diseases. But they didn’t fight; there’s no evidence that black Americans—enslaved or free—fought Union soldiers under Confederate banners. Evidence shows that many enslaved people suffered from diseases associated with malnutrition, including pellagra, rickets, scurvy, and anemia. “Only a small percentage of Southerners owned slaves.”, “The vast majority of soldiers in the Confederate Army were simple men of meager income,” rather than wealthy slaveholders, writes the anonymous author of a widely-circulated Confederate History “fact sheet.”. Deliberate experimentation has a lot in common with deliberate practice – the goal is to get better by developing crucial skills – but the means is different. You’ve run out of free articles. If you … This is Bigfoot debunked. Bottom line: Often, this line comes from Southern defenders, who want to emphasize Northern complicity. Which raises a question: Where did the myth of Irish slavery come from? As the writer Saladin Ahmed pointed out, the concept of "alpha male" wolves that assert dominance over their pack through aggression comes from a debunked model of lupine social groups. Toward the end of the war, a desperate Confederate Congress allowed its army to enlist enslaved Africans who had been freed by their masters. Continental drift was a revolutionary scientific theory developed in the years 1908-1912 by Alfred Wegener (1880-1930), a German meteorologist, climatologist, and geophysicist, that put forth the hypothesis that the continents had all originally been a part of one enormous landmass or supercontinent about 240 million years ago before breaking apart and drifting to their current locations. Battling the 'homosexual agenda,' the hard-line religious right has made a series of incendiary claims. Coronavirus vaccine: When will we have one? Several experts told me the theory that the virus was meant to be a bioweapon doesn’t make sense, either. Both MTN and Vodacom have also debunked the theories. The video shows … .css-14iz86j-BoldText{font-weight:bold;}Speculation about a future coronavirus vaccine is ramping up and social-media posts from anti-vaccination campaigners are gaining more traction online. : If we’re talking about slavery as it was practiced on Africans in the United States—that is, hereditary chattel slavery—then the answer is a clear no. February 27, 2011. All contents © 2021 The Slate Group LLC. But even involuntary laborers had more autonomy than enslaved Africans, and the large majority of Irish indentured servants came here voluntarily. Nor does it change the fact that this institution left a profound legacy for the descendants of enslaved Africans, who even after emancipation were subject to almost a century of violence, disenfranchisement, and pervasive oppression, with social, economic, and cultural effects that persist to the present. The narrator of the clip is Stefano Montanari, an Italian researcher with a degree in pharmacology, who claims the end goal is to get everyone vaccinated. Read about our approach to external linking. Is it true? “[European] slave-ship captains wanted to deal with ruling groups and strong leaders, people who could command labor resources and deliver the ‘goods,’ ” Rediker writes, and European money and technology further empowered those who were already dominant, encouraging them to enslave greater numbers. More recently, Hogan notes, several sources have conflated indentured servitude with chattel slavery in order to argue for a particular Irish disadvantage in the Americas, when compared to other white immigrant groups. Is it true? Find out more. : The image in the meme above isn’t of Anthony Johnson. Is it true? If you value our work, please disable your ad blocker. “Our new government is founded upon … the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition,” said Confederate vice president Alexander Stephens in his “Cornerstone Speech.” “This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth.”. Skin color. “Slaves were better off than some poor people working in Northern or English factories. As humans migrated out of Africa—in two. The institution was protected in the Confederate constitution. “The first slave owner in America was black.”, Is it true? Here is a list of our 724 fact-checks in English so far, starting with the most recent: (AFP Graphics) 724. AFP Factcheck has been debunking disinformation as it emerges along with new cases across the world. : It was undeniably hard to be a factory worker in the 19th century. Slate relies on advertising to support our journalism. The cybersecurity company CrowdStrike, which has been at the center of false conspiracy theories since 2016, is once again in focus after a White House transcript published on … Both the social structures and infrastructure that enabled African systems of enslavement were strengthened by the transatlantic slave trade. He sets out a hypothetical situation about the potential harm of side-effects, saying:"If we have one in 10,000 side-effects, that's way more... 700,000 people who will suffer from that.". However, there is no scientific evidence to support this theory, and the trial described in the Ahmedabad Mirror does not mention testing cow dung as a vaccine or prophylactic treatment. They considered black people’s palates to be less refined than white people’s, and this justified serving a monotonous diet of pork and cornmeal. In any honest conversation about American slavery, we have to look at the tight economic links between North and South and the degree to which the entire country was complicit in the enterprise. Join Slate Plus to continue reading, and you’ll get unlimited access to all our work—and support Slate’s independent journalism. In 1641, the passage of the Body of Liberties provided legal sanction for the slave trade in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Carl Benjamin (1979–), better known as Sargon of Akkad, Carl I of Swindon or The Thinkery, is a YouTube talker, failed UKIP candidate for the South West England constituency of the European Parliament, right-wing reactionary and trend setter in the exciting new scene of dairy based fashion.Although Benjamin claims the mantle of "skeptic", his commentary often features theories of a … Yes, European slave traders entered “preexisting circuits of exchange” when they arrived in the 16th century. During the AIDS epidemic, he said, conspiracies arose that HIV came from contaminated polio vaccination in Africa. Anthony Johnson, the black ex–indentured servant whose bio opened the first episode of our podcast, did sue to hold John Casor for life in 1653, and the resulting civil court decision remanding Casor to Johnson’s ownership was (as historian R. Halliburton Jr. writes) “one of the first known legal sanctions of slavery” in the colonies. He said: "We don't have any significant evidence or study to quote that these have any efficacy against Covid-19. He concludes: "This is a sensational hoax, but a very successful one.". But, as historian Marcus Rediker writes, the “ancient and widely accepted institution” of enslavement in Africa was exacerbated by the European presence. The large majority of slaveholding families were small farmers and not the major planters who dominate our image of “slavery.”. White adults (and children) labored in dangerous environments and were often hungry. Long watch: Is this Russian cult leader a fraud? Above all, indentured servitude wasn’t hereditary. The Nibiru cataclysm is a supposed disastrous encounter between the Earth and a large planetary object (either a collision or a near-miss) that certain groups believed would take place in the early 21st century.Believers in this doomsday event usually refer to this object as Nibiru or Planet X.The idea was first put forward in 1995 by Nancy Lieder, founder of the website ZetaTalk. It’s also true that slavery was based in the American South; that it formed the basis of Southern society; that white Southerners were its most fervent defenders; and that those Southerners would eventually fight a war to preserve and expand the institution. He argues that the epidemic "will continue to be totally made-up" until there is a vaccine that "will bring money and corruption into the already full pockets of some". 10 Anti-Gay Myths Debunked . Neither of the authors “bother to inform the reader, in a coherent manner, what the differences are between chattel slavery and indentured servitude or forced labor,” writes Hogan. Is it true? Did blacks serve in the Confederacy? There were a large number of Irish indentured servants, and there were cases in which Irish men and women were sentenced to indentured servitude in the “new world” and forcibly shipped across the Atlantic. In 1640 John Punch, a runaway servant of African descent, was sentenced to lifelong slavery in Virginia, while the two European-born companions who fled with him had their indentures extended. The term “white slaves” emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries, first as a derogatory term for Irish laborers—equating their social position to that of slaves—later as political rhetoric in Ireland itself, and later still as Southern pro-slavery propaganda against an industrialized North. We’ll get to that in a minute. However, the technology is not a microchip and is more like an invisible tattoo. Typically, this fact is used to suggest that the Civil War was not about slavery. A recent post on a UK-based Twitter account said: "Bill Gates admits the vaccine will no doubt kill 700,000 people" and links to a video featuring right-wing conspiracy theorist Alex Jones. Coronavirus: Bill Gates ‘microchip’ conspiracy theory and other vaccine claims fact-checked. That response led to one widely shared article, under the headline: "Bill Gates will use microchip implants to fight coronavirus". One popular Italian video, which has been viewed more than 700,000 times on Facebook, has a caption claiming that the pandemic has been "invented". In pictures: Defiant Russians rally for opposition, The homeless addict who became a history professor, The man who invited the world over for dinner. In April, we took a look at an emerging conspiracy theory alleging that 5G mobile networks had caused the Covid-19 pandemic. And in an August obituary of civil rights leader Julian Bond, the Times called his great-grandmother Jane Bond “the slave mistress of a Kentucky farmer”—a term that accords far too much agency to Bond’s ancestor and too little blame to the “farmer” who enslaved her. These brave men fought in the trenches beside their White brothers, all under the Confederate Battle Flag,” reads a statement from the South Carolina chapter of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. 3. The ship Desire brought a cargo of Africans from Barbados to Boston in 1634; these people were sold as slaves. Read more. is just one; … Typically, this exposure happens via a vaccine, which helps people develop resistance to a virus without getting sick. At least they were given food and a place to stay.”. There is a strong anti-vaccination movement in Italy. All rights reserved. The article quotes a doctor as saying: "Cow urine is known to have medicinal components that can cure Covid-19." Is it true? Winter Issue. A small number of black soldiers were trained, but there’s no evidence they saw action. Versions of this theory posit that 5G electromagnetic waves poison cells in the body, thus creating the … VideoLong watch: Is this Russian cult leader a fraud? Bottom line: Slavery was the basis of white supremacy, which united all whites in a racist hierarchy. In Arkansas, just 20 percent of families owned slaves; in South Carolina, it was 46 percent; in Mississippi, it was 49 percent. This is an important point. For these reasons, most Earth scientists ignored or even debunked the idea of continental drift for the better part of half a century after Wegener’s theory was presented. Is it true? The paper that helped the homeless. The children of servants were free; the children of slaves were property. Politifact has debunked that claim, saying in 2015 that the theory started with Clinton supporters in 2008, not the candidate herself. waves, some scientists say—they adapted to. .css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link{color:inherit;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:focus,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:focus{color:#B80000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link::after,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:2;}Eleven pulled out alive in China mine rescue. Video, Vaccinated people may spread Covid, warns Van-Tam, A man who invited the world over for dinner, Star Wars supports host Arielle after racist abuse, Minister who promoted 'Covid syrup' tests positive, PM talks to Biden in first call since inauguration, many different false rumours about vaccines. A .css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link{color:#3F3F42;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{font-weight:700;border-bottom:1px solid #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-width:2px;color:#B80000;}@supports (text-underline-offset:0.25em){.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline #BABABA;text-decoration:underline #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.25em;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{-webkit-text-decoration-color:currentcolor;text-decoration-color:currentcolor;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#B80000;}}new YouGov poll of 1,640 people suggests that 28% of Americans believe that Bill Gates wants to use vaccines to implant microchips in people - with the figure rising to 44% among Republicans. : It depends on how you parse the timeline. Indentured servitude was difficult, deadly work, and many indentured servants died before their terms were over. The head of the Russian Communist party this week said that so-called "globalists" supported "a covert mass chip implantation which they may in time resort to under the pretext of a mandatory vaccination against coronavirus". Average, and slave-ownership was aspirational—a symbol of wealth and prosperity here 's why meme isn. Of wealth and prosperity a cargo of Africans from Barbados to Boston in 1634 ; these people were as. The nonexistent children to enter Comet Ping Pong preexisting circuits of exchange ” when they arrived the! Legal sanction for the slave trade t of Anthony Johnson Comet Ping Pong … 10 Anti-Gay Myths Debunked was... This meant that slavery was an economic engine for the slave economy exclusive content arms to defend “. A factory worker in the tweet, which has had more than 45,000 and! 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