[115] However, Kennedy's crimes caught up with him and in 1721 he was arrested and sentenced to death. What do you say here? Owing to his notoriety, Every was, along with Blackbeard, one of the few pirates whose life was dramatized on stage. Captain Gibson was bedridden at the time, so the mutiny ended bloodlessly. [2] It is accepted by historians that "Henry Every" was the pirate's real name, given that he used this name when he entered the Royal Navy. [105] Reportedly carrying the retiring Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal, the galleon was laden with silver, gold, diamonds, gems, as well as pearls, silks, spices, works of art, and church regalia belonging to the Patriarch of the East Indies. Dolphin proved to be far too slow, lagging behind the rest of the pirate ships, so it was burned and the crew joined Every aboard Fancy. In October 1694, Fancy captured two Danish privateers near the island of Príncipe, stripping the ships of ivory and gold and welcoming approximately seventeen defecting Danes aboard. Despite this, it is unlikely Every wrote the verses. [121] Over time, much of the English public came to believe the memoir's sensationalist claims. Unconfirmed accounts state he may have changed his name and retired, quietly living out the rest of his life in either Britain or an unidentified tropical island, while alternative accounts consider Every may have squandered his riches. Preferring the former choice for the sake of his reputation, he alerted the authorities as to the pirates' whereabouts, but was able to tip off Every and his crew before the authorities arrived. [65][66] Khafi Khan's account of the battle, appearing in his multivolume work The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians, places blame squarely on Captain Ibrahim for the failure, writing: "The Christians are not bold in the use of the sword, and there were so many weapons on board the royal vessel that if the captain had made any resistance, they must have been defeated. [64], Muhammad Hashim Khafi Khan, a contemporary Indian historian who was in Surat at the time, wrote that, as Every's men boarded the ship, Ganj-i-sawai's captain ran below decks where he armed the slave girls and sent them up to fight the pirates. [3] In 1712, playwright Charles Johnson published his highly romanticized tragicomedy The Successful Pyrate. He must have known that the ship's crew were not merely unlicensed slavers, likely noting the patched-up battle damage on Fancy. Henry Flower Every married Mary Isabella Every. According to Charles Ellms, Every's words to Gibson were, "if you have a mind to make one of us, we will receive you; and if you turn sober, and attend to business, perhaps in time I may make you up of my lieutenants; if not, here's a boat, and you shall be set on shore. In addition to the play and books written about Henry Every, a successful ballad was also printed in England during his career. He may have mentioned Thomas Tew's success capturing an enormous prize in the Red Sea only a year earlier. Henry Every is brave, loving, optimistic and hopeful boy who has abilities of intelligence. [44] Some reports say that Every was much ruder in his dealings with Gibson, but agree that he at least offered him the position of second mate. In any case, if one accepts the EIC's estimate of £325,000, Rogoziński writes that even then "only two or three times in history did criminals take more valuable loot. [d], Charles II had been commissioned by England's ally, Charles II of Spain (the ship's namesake), to prey on French vessels in the West Indies. While awaiting his execution, Kennedy's favorite pastime was recounting tales of Every's adventures. Warsaw University of Life Sciences. A ferocious hand-to-hand battle then ensued, lasting two to three hours. Some have speculated that it referred to Every's height, the pirate having once been described as "a tall, strongly built man. [42] Either way, the letter was unsuccessful in preventing the English from pursuing him. Although harboring pirates became more dangerous for the colonial governors over time, only seven of Every's crew were tried between 1697–1705, and all of these were acquitted.[75]. [54][60] With Amity and Dolphin left behind, only Fancy, Pearl, and Portsmouth Adventure were present for the actual battle. The wealth of foreign-minted coins could not have escaped Trott. Henry Flower Every 1893. Ils font une magnifique prise, le Ganj-i-Sawai (en), un navire du Grand Moghol qui transporte, outre sa fille et sa suite, une quantité colossale d’or et de pierreries. After his death, she quietly married her true love, Thomas Seymour. The French and Danes decided to leave Every's crew, preferring to stay in Bourbon. The King of Madagascar soon commands an army of 15,000 pirates and a fleet of 40 warships, and is said to be living in fantastic luxury in an impregnable fortress beyond the reach of his English and Mughal adversaries. Although stories of brutality by the pirates have been dismissed by sympathizers as sensationalism, they are corroborated by the depositions Every's men provided following their capture. Every's exploits immediately captivated the public's imagination, and some considered him a sort of gallant maritime Robin Hood who exemplified the working class idea that rebellion and piracy were acceptable ways to fight back against unfair captains and societies. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. After the publication of a fictional memoir in 1709, which claimed Every was a king ruling a pirate utopia in Madagascar, popular accounts increasingly took on a more legendary, romantic flavor (see In contemporary literature). [10] His last words to his men were a litany of conflicting stories of where he planned to go, likely intended to throw pursuers off his trail. Every then renamed Charles II the Fancy—a name which reflected both the crew's renewed hope in their journey and the quality of the ship—and set a course for the Cape of Good Hope. Son histoire a alimenté nombre de légendes. When the damaged Ganj-i-sawai finally limped its way back to harbor in Surat, news of the pirates' attack on the pilgrims—a sacrilegious act that, like the raping of the Muslim women, was considered an unforgivable violation of the Hajj—spread quickly. before joining in the mutiny. Newly Uncovered Document Reveals How Henry VIII Planned Every Detail Of Anne Boleyn’s Beheading. [22] The voyage was soon in trouble, as the flag captain, John Strong, a career mariner who had previously served with Sir William Phips, died while the ship was still in port. C'est après avoir montré son habileté à ce poste qu'on l'envoya à bord du Duke, toujours en qualité de second, en Espagne. Every's men then gave Mayes 2,000 pieces of eight (presumably an approximate sum as the treasure captured would have been in Indian and Arabian coins of a different denomination) to buy supplies, and soon parted company. [8], It has been suggested that the EIC argued for the lowest estimate when paying reparations for Every's raid, with the company's president naturally wanting the most conservative estimate in order to pay as little for the damages as possible. He soon took to sea, serving on several merchant vessels as well as ships of war, when England went to war with France in 1688, and a few ships that held captive enslaved people. For Trott, this proved a tempting offer. Henry Every, also Evory or Avery, (23 August 1659 – after 1696), sometimes erroneously given as John Avery, [lower-alpha 1] was an English pirate who operated in the $3 and Indian Oceans in the mid-1690s. Amity and Susanna also proved to be poor ships: Amity fell behind and never again rejoined the pirate flotilla (Tew having been killed in a battle with a Mughal ship), while the straggling Susanna eventually rejoined the group. "Every death that we're talking about this afternoon is preventable," Dr. Peter Hotez, dean of tropical medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, told CNN on Thursday. [87], British author and pirate biographer Charles Johnson suggested that, after attempting to sell his diamonds, Every died in poverty in Devon after being cheated out of his wealth by Bristol merchants. Henry Avery was born in or near Plymouth, England, sometime between 1653 and 1659. [8] Although Every's career as a pirate lasted only two years, his exploits captured the public's imagination, inspired others to take up piracy, and spawned works of literature. Henry Every - alias Henry Avery, John Avary, Long Ben, Benjamin Bridgeman - est l'un des plus fameux flibustiers. In return for letting Fancy enter the harbor and for keeping the men's violation of the EIC's trading monopoly a secret, the crew would pay Trott a combined total of £860. If this request had been granted, the men would no longer have been tied to the ship and could easily have left, so predictably their petition was denied. Henry Every také John Avery či John Evory přezdívaný Captain Bridgeman nebo Long Ben (1653? [14][15] Parish records suggest that he was the son of John Every and his wife, Anne (maiden name unknown); the Every family of Devon was quite established at the time, and it is likely he was a kinsman of the Every family of Wycroft Castle. However, on 6 May some of the sailors were involved in an argument with O'Byrne, and it was probably around this time that they conceived of a plan to mutiny and began recruiting others. At least 9 different reprints of the ballad, of varying similarity to the original published by Lewis, were printed between 1694 and 1907. He likely participated in the Battle of Beachy Head against the French two weeks later, an engagement which ended disastrously for the English. "[17] Every was married and records suggest that he wed one Dorothy Arther at St James Duke's Place in London on 11 September 1690,[18] though there is no evidence that he had any children. "[70] Furthermore, on 12 October 1695, Sir John Gayer, then-governor of Bombay and president of the EIC, sent a letter to the Lords of Trade, writing: It is certain the Pyrates, which these People affirm were all English, did do very barbarously by the People of the Ganj-i-sawai and Abdul Gofor's Ship, to make them confess where their Money was, and there happened to be a great Umbraws Wife (as Wee hear) related to the King, returning from her Pilgrimage to Mecha, in her old age. Ayant fait main basse sur cette cargaison, Avery propose à ses associés de se rejoindre plus tard à un endroit donné, tout en conservant à son bord la totalité du butin. Charles II was renamed the Fancy and Every elected as the new captain. C'est de là qu'i… Every may have been a cousin of the well-known Every baronets, though this has not been proven conclusively.[16]. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. "[85] Soon after, Trott met Every personally on land in what must have been a closed-door meeting. ", harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLaughton1908 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBurgess2009 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFElliot1877 (, The red version of Every's flag appears in, The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians, Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal, A Copy of Verses, Composed by Captain Henry Every, Lately Gone to Sea to seek his Fortune, List of fugitives from justice who disappeared, "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", "America and West Indies: May 1698, 11–14", "America and West Indies: August 1698, 6–10", "Doctor Who Curse of the Black Spot Prequel Trailer", "Uncharted 4: A Thief's End – Gameplay Trailer", Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law, Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Every&oldid=999040764, Articles with dead external links from April 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Pages which use embedded infobox templates with the title parameter, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Uncertain (proposed 1699–1714, aged 40–55), At least 11 vessels captured by September 1695, including the, A pirate captain named "Avery" is repeatedly mentioned in the 1966, Henry Every is mentioned repeatedly in the TV series, Henry Avery is featured in the video game, This page was last edited on 8 January 2021, at 05:45. By announcing Every's supposed intentions of turning pirate even before the mutiny was carried out, the ballad may have served to strengthen the council's convictions that the mutinous crew harbored piratical intentions from the outset. Ghaffar was so powerful and wealthy, one associate described him as follows: "Abdul Ghafur, a Mahometan that I was acquainted with, drove a trade equal to the English East-India Company, for I have known him to fit out in a year, above twenty sail of ships, between 300 and 800 tons. All surviving government documents from Every's time give his name as "Henry Every" (occasionally spelled "Avery" and "Evarie" in contemporary records), and "Henry Every" is how the pirate signed his name. The meaning of the nickname "Long Ben," which appears in usage as early as 1693, is unclear. "[123] Nevertheless, the play ran into several editions. "[75] When Snead's persistence started to irritate the governor, the magistrate was reprehended: He [Markham] called me rascal and dared me to issue my warrants against these men, saying that he had a good mind to commit me. He was so popular that many books and plays were written about him and his adventures. [10] The Crown also promised to exempt Every from all of the Acts of Grace (pardons) and amnesties it would subsequently issue to other pirates. "[94] As before, the court continually impressed the need for the pirates' conviction. Henry Every (23 August 1659 – ?? The investors promised to pay the sailors well: the contract stipulated a guaranteed monthly wage to be paid every six months throughout deployment, with the first month's pay paid in advance before the start of the mission. ), also known as Henry Avery was a famous English pirate who captured many ships throughout the Atlantic and Indian Ocean in the late 1600's. [40] At approximately 9:00 p.m., Every and about twenty-five other men rushed aboard Charles II and surprised the crew on board. Henry Every, also known as Henry Avery (20 August 1659 – after 1696), sometimes erroneously given as Jack Avery or John Avery,[a] was an English pirate who operated in the Atlantic and Indian oceans in the mid-1690s. It was Charles Johnson's influential General History (1724) that established the competing account of Every. Indeed, all wages up to 1 August 1693, not long before the start of the mission, were paid on that date.[33]. [12], The plunder of Emperor Aurangzeb's treasure ship had serious consequences for the English, coming at a time of crisis for the East India Company (EIC), whose profits were still recovering from the disastrous Child's War. Trott called a meeting of Nassau's governing council, likely arguing that interloping was a fairly common crime and not a sufficient reason for turning away the men, whose presence now aided Nassau's security. Both tales acknowledged the widely believed stories of Every's pirate republic. After parting ways with Vane, England raided slaving ships off the coast of West Africa. The council agreed to allow Fancy to enter the harbor, apparently having never been told of the private bribe. In 1693, Every is identified in a journal prepared by an agent of the RAC, Captain Thomas Phillips of Hannibal, then on a slaving mission on the Guinea coast, who writes: "I have no where upon the coast met the negroes so shy as here, which makes me fancy they have had tricks play'd them by such blades as Long Ben, alias Every, who have seiz'd them and carry'd them away. By early August 1693, the four warships were sailing down the River Thames en route to Spain's northern city of Corunna. 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